In addition to economic consequences, economic sanctions imposed on Iran can also have unwanted environmental consequences. Given the importance of accurately and quantitatively measuring these consequences for Iran, the aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of economic sanctions on pollutant emissions in Iran during the period 1992-2024. For this purpose, the fuzzy regression method, which has a high ability to examine correlation under conditions of ambiguity and uncertainty, has been used. The findings of this study show that economic sanctions are effective both directly and indirectly in the emission of pollutant volumes in Iran, with a fuzzy ratio of (0.0677, 1.1073). By limiting access to new technologies, spare parts, and foreign investment, sanctions have forced industries to use old and energy-intensive machinery and reduced energy efficiency. On the other hand, economic sanctions have led to the spread of pollutant emissions in Iran due to trade isolation and reduced competitiveness of industries and enterprises, unproductive production, financial and technological restrictions on environmental investments, difficulty in importing high-quality fuel and renewable technologies, and weakening of institutional supervision. On the other hand, economic sanctions have led to the spread of pollutant emissions in Iran due to trade isolation and reduced competitiveness of industries and enterprises, unproductive production, financial and technological restrictions on environmental investments, difficulty in importing high-quality fuel and renewable technologies, and weakening of institutional supervision.