نوع مقاله : مقاله مستخرج از رساله دکتری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری توسعه اقتصادی و برنامه‌ریزی، گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، اقتصاد و کارآفرینی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، اقتصاد و کارآفرینی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

3 استادیار گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، اقتصاد و کارآفرینی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

چکیده

یکی از ویژگی‌های اصلی و رمز موفقیت بسیاری از کشورها در دنیای امروزی، استفاده از کاربرد دانش در فرآیندهای اقتصادی است. چرا که دانش یکی از مهمترین مولفه برای تعیین رشد اقتصادی بلندمدت است و سرمایه‌گذاری در دانش، ظرفیت تولید سایر عوامل تولید از قبیل سرمایه، منابع طبیعی و نیروی کار را افزایش داده است و تبدیل کارآمد نهاده‌های تولید به فرآیندهای تولید و محصولات جدید را تسهیل می‌کند.دست یابی به رشد اقتصادی باکیفیت به صورت رشد اقتصادی همراه با کاهش نابرابری درآمد یکی از مهمترین مسائل اقتصادی امروز است، پیچیدگی اقتصادی یکی از مفاهیمی است که بر نقش دانش در تولید دلالت می‌کند و علاوه بر رشد اقتصادی نقش مهمی را درتغییر نابرابری درآمد دارد. بر همین اساس مطالعه حاضر با استفاده از رهیافت معادلات همزمان به بررسی رابطه بین نابرابری درآمد و پیچیدگی اقتصادی برای دوره زمانی 1397-1374می‌پرازد. نتایج حاصل از برآوردها نشان می‌دهد که افزایش نابرابری درآمد باعث افزایش در پیچیدگی اقتصادی شده، اما پیچیدگی اقتصادی باعث کاهش نابرابری درآمد می‌شود، علاوه بر این شواهد نشان می‌دهد که صنعتی شدن، سرمایه انسانی و تولید ناخالص داخلی منجر به افزایش در پیچیدگی اقتصادی می‌شود. علاوه بر این صنعتی شدن باعث کاهش نابرابری درآمد شده و فرضیه منحنی کوزنتس در رابطه بین تولید ناخالص داخلی و نابرابری درآمد تایید شده است. افزایش کیفیت آموزش، توسعه صنعت و تمرکز بر سیاست‌های افزایش تولید ناخالص داخلی از جمله سیاست‌های موثر برای برخورداری از مزایای پیچیدگی اقتصادی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Relationship between Economic Complexity and Income Inequality in Iran (Simultaneous Equations Approach)

نویسندگان [English]

  • ali hasanvand 1
  • MOHAMMAD SHARIF KARIMI 2
  • Ali Falahati 2
  • AZAD KHANZADI 3

1 PhD Student in Economic Development and Planning, Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Economics and Entrepreneurship, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Economics and Entrepreneurship, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Economics and Entrepreneurship, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.

چکیده [English]

One of the main features and key to success of many countries in today's world is the use of knowledge in economic processes. Because knowledge is one of the most important components for determining long-term economic growth, investing in knowledge has increased the production capacity of other factors of production such as capital, natural resources and labor, and facilitates the efficient conversion of production inputs into production processes and new products. Achieving quality economic growth in the form of economic growth along with reducing income inequality is one of the most important economic issues today. Economic complexity is one of the concepts that implies the role of knowledge in production and in addition to economic growth plays an important role in changing income inequality. Accordingly, the present study uses the simultaneous equation approach to examine the relationship between income inequality and economic complexity for the period 1397-1374. The results show that increasing income inequality has increased economic complexity, but economic complexity has reduced inequality In addition, there is evidence that industrialization, human capital, and GDP lead to increased economic complexity. In addition, industrialization has reduced income inequality, and the Kuznets curve hypothesis on the relationship between GDP and income inequality has been confirmed. Increasing the quality of education, industrial development, and focusing on policies to increase GDP are among the effective policies for enjoying the benefits of economic complexity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • economic complexity
  • income inequality
  • iran
  • simultaneous equations
Albassam, B.A. (2015). Economic diversification in Saudi Arabia: Myth or reality?. Resources Policy, 44, 112-117.
Baiardi, D. & Morana, C. (2016). The financial Kuznets curve: Evidence for the euro area. Journal of Empirical Finance, 39(11), 265-269.
Barnes, A.P., Hansson, H., Manevska-Tasevska, G., Shrestha, S.S. & Thomson, S.G. (2015). The influence of diversification on long-term viability of the agricultural sector. Land use policy, 49, 404-412.‏
Barusman, A.F. & Barusman, Y.S. (2017). The impact of international trade on income inequality in the United States since 1970’s.‏ European Research Studies Journal, XX (4A), 35-50.
Blancheton, B. & Chhorn, D. (2019). Export diversification, specialisation and inequality: Evidence from Asian and Western countries. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 28(2), 189-229.‏
Card, D. & DiNardo, J.E. (2002). Skill-biased technological change and rising wage inequality: Some problems and puzzles. Journal of labor economics, 20(4), 733-783.‏
Cheshmi, A., Malek Al-Sadati, S. & Razavi, M. (2014). Assessment of Iran's global ranking in the index of economic complexity. Research Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly. Deputy of Economic Research, Office of Economic Studies [in Persian].
Chu, L. K. & Hoang, D. P. (2020). How does economic complexity influence income inequality? New evidence from international data. Economic Analysis and Policy, 68, 44-57.
Constantine, C. (2017). Economic structures, institutions and economic performance. Journal of Economic Structures, 6(1), 1-18.‏
Constantine, C. & Khemraj, T. (2019). Geography, economic structures and institutions: A synthesis. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 51, 371-379.
Crozet, M. & Trionfetti, F. (2008). Trade costs and the home market effect. Journal of International Economics, 76(2), 309-321.‏
Egger, H. & Etzel, D. (2012). The impact of trade on employment, welfare, and income distribution in unionized general oligopolistic equilibrium. European Economic Review, 56(6), 1119-1135.
Erkan, B. & Yildirimci, E. (2015). Economic complexity and export competitiveness: The case of Turkey. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 524-533.
Gao, J. & Zhou, T. (2018). Quantifying China’s regional economic complexity. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 492, 1591-1603.
Hartmann, D., Guevara, M.R., Jara-Figueroa, C., Aristarán, M. & Hidalgo, C.A. (2017). Linking economic complexity, institutions, and income inequality. World Development, 93, 75-93.
Hidalgo, C.A. & Hausmann, R. (2009). The building blocks of economic complexity. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 106(26), 10570-10575.
Joya, O. (2015). Growth and volatility in resource-rich countries: Does diversification help?. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 35, 38-55.
Kafaei, M. & Dorostkar, E. (2007). Formal Education and Income Distribution. Iranian Economic Research, 9(30), 53-76. Https://Www.Sid.Ir/En/Journal/Viewpaper.Aspx?Id=95447 [in Persian].  
Kavya, T.B. & Shijin, S. (2020). Economic development, financial development, and income inequality nexus. Borsa Istanbul Review, 20(1), 80-93.
Kavya, T.B. & Shijin, S. (2020). Economic development, financial development, and income inequality nexus. Borsa Istanbul Review, 20(1), 80-93.‏
Le Caous, E. & Huarng, F. (2020). Economic Complexity and the Mediating Effects of Income Inequality: Reaching Sustainable Development in Developing Countries. Sustainability, 12(5), 2089.
Lee, C.C. & Wang, E.Z. (2020). Economic Complexity and Income Inequality: Does Country Risk Matter?. Social Indicators Research, 1-26.
Lee, K.K. & Vu, T.V. (2019). Economic complexity, human capital and income inequality: a cross-country analysis. The Japanese Economic Review, 1-24.
Moradi, F., Jafari, M., & fatahi, S. (2023). The impact of good governance on income inequality in selected developing and developed countries with an emphasis on control of corruption. Quarterly Journal of Quantitative Economics (JQE), 20(3), 110-135. doi: 10.22055/jqe.2021.37420.2374[in persian].
 
Morais, M.B., Swart, J. & Jordaan, J.A. (2021). Economic Complexity and Inequality: Does Regional Productive Structure Affect Income Inequality in Brazilian States?. Sustainability, 13(2), 1006.
Motamani, M., Zabiri, H. & Shirazi, M. (2021). the effect of economic complexity on income inequality, Quarterly Journal of Development Strategy, 4 (64), 235-253. [in persian].
     Raei, S. & Dahmardeh, N . (2021). The impact of the knowledge-based economy on Iran non-oil export. Quantitative Economics (JQE), 18(4), 43-55. Doi: 10.22055/jqe.2020.26777.1922 [in Persian].
Sepehrdoust, H., Davarikish, R. & Setarehie, M . (2020).Role of Financial Policies in Economic Complexity: Baumol’s Unbalanced Growth Theory Assessment. Quantitative Economics (JQE),  17(3),117-143. Doi:10.22055/jqe.2019.28752.2045 [in Persian].
Shahabadi, A., Chayani, T. & Sadeghi Motamedd, Z. (2020). The Effect of the Economic Complexity Index on Total Factor Productivity in the Selected Producing Science Countries. Journal of Economics and Modeling, 11(1), 181-205. Doi: 10.29252/jem.2020.100523 [in Persian].
 Shahabadi, A., Karami, B. &  Arghand, H. (2022). The effect of economic complexity on inflation in the selected countries of organization of islamic cooperation. Quantitative Economics (JQE),  Doi:10.22055/jqe.2021.32056.2197 [in Persian].
Siddiq, O. (2020). The Impact of Economic Complexity on Productive Structure and Income Inequality in Indonesia & Venezuela. Inquiries Journal, 12(9), 1.
Violante, G.L. (2008). In: Durlauf, S.N., Blume, L.E (Eds.), Skill-Biased Technical Change. In: The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, vol. 2, Palgrave Macmillan, London, UK.
Zhu, S., Yu, C. & He, C. (2020). Export structures, income inequality and urban-rural divide in China. Applied Geography, 115, 102150.‏