نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیاراقتصاد، گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 استادیار گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا،همدان، ایران.

3 استادیاراقتصاد، موسسه آموزش عالی طلوع مهر، قم، ایران

4 استادیاراقتصاد، گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل

چکیده

یکی از مهم‌ترین اهداف کلان اقتصادی کشورها، ایجاد شرایط لازم جهت ارتقاء رشد اقتصادی مستمر و باثبات است. سهولت فضای کسب و کار به عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین عوامل در جهت دستیابی به این هدف می‌تواند مورد توجه قرار بگیرد. شکنندگی اقتصادی یکی از متغیرهای اصلی موثر بر سهولت فضای کسب و کار است؛ بنابراین کاهش شکنندگی اقتصادی می‌تواند بسترهای مناسب را برای سهولت فضای کسب و کار فراهم نماید. برای کاهش شکنندگی اقتصادی می‌توان اجزا آن را مورد بررسی قرار داد که از مهم‌ترین این زیرشاخص‌ها می‌توان به کاهش رکود اقتصادی و فقر، جلوگیری از فرار مغزها و نیروی انسانی و توسعه اقتصادی متوازن اشاره نمود. تقویت مولفه‌های مذکور منجر به ایجاد بسترهای مناسب برای فضای امن سرمایه‌گذاری و کسب و کار می‌گردد. برای این منظور این پژوهش، با استفاده از روش گشتاورهای تعمیم‌یافته(GMM) به بررسی تاثیر شکنندگی اقتصادی بر سهولت فضای کسب و کار در کشورهای منتخب طی دوره 2019- 2006 پرداخته است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد، شکنندگی اقتصادی و هر یک از اجزا آن که شامل: رکود اقتصادی و فقر، توسعه اقتصادی نامتوازن و فرار مغزها و نیروی انسانی است، تاثیر منفی بر سهولت فضای کسب و کار کشورهای مورد بررسی دارند. همچنین نتایج نشان می‌دهد، متغیرهای توسعه مالی و حاکمیت قانون تاثیر مثبت و معناداری بر سهولت فضای کسب و کار دارند و متغیر اثربخشی دولت تاثیر معناداری بر سهولت فضای کسب و کار ندارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Impact of Economic Fragility on Ease of Business Environment(Generalized Method of Moments Approach)

نویسندگان [English]

  • abdolrahim hashemi 1
  • razieh davarikish 2
  • mahdi jafari 3
  • Hatef Hazeriniri 4

1 Associate Professor of Economics, Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University OF Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Bu- Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran

3 Assistant Professor Tolo Mehr Higher Education Institute, Qom, Iran

4 Associate Professor of Economics, Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University OF Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

چکیده [English]

One of the most important macroeconomic goals of countries is to create the necessary conditions to promote continuous and stable economic growth. The ease of business environment as one of the most important factors to achieve this goal can be considered. Economic fragility is one of the main variables affecting the ease of business environment; Therefore, reducing economic fragility can provide a good way for ease of business environment. To reduce economic fragility, its components can be examined, the most important of them are reduction of recession and poverty, prevention of brain drain and labor force, and balanced economic development. Strengthening these components will lead to the creation of a suitable environment for a safe investment and business. Therefore, this study intends to investigate the impact of economic fragility on the ease of business environment with using the Generalized method of moments (GMM) in selected countries during the period 2019-2006. The results show that the components of economic fragility (economic recession and poverty, unbalanced economic development and brain drain and labor force) have a negative and significant impact on the ease of doing business in the selected countries. The results also show that the variables of financial development and rule of law have a positive and significant effect on the ease of business environment and the variable of government effectiveness has not a significant effect on the ease of business environment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • fragility of economy
  • business environment
  • Generalized Method of Moments Approach
Amjadi, K., & Shafeei, E. (2017). The Effect of Information and Communication Technology on Improving the business circumstances Indicators in Countries (A mechanism to improve productivity). The Journal of Productivity Management, 2(11), 203-224. Retrieved from http://sanad.iau.ir/fa/Article/976294 [In Persian]
Azizmohammadlou, H. (2018). Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of Policies Instruments on Employment and Labor Demand in Iranian Economic Sectors Based on Disequilibrium Approach. Quarterly Journal of Quantitative Economics (JQE), 15(3), 43-78. doi: 10.22055/jqe.2018.22664.1670 [In Persian]
Alemu, A. M. (2015). The nexus between governance infrastructure and the ease of doing business in Africa. In Comparative case studies on entrepreneurship in developed and developing countries (pp. 110-131), IGI Global.‏ Available at: https://www.freit.org/WorkingPapers/Papers/Development/FREIT1046.pdf.
Asgarpour, S., Mojahedi, M. M., & Bagheri pormehr, S. (2022). The Impact of E-Commerce Development Index on the Service Sector Employment Market in Iran. Quarterly Journal of Quantitative Economics (JQE), (Accepted Manuscript Available Online from 01 October 2022). doi: 10.22055/jqe.2022.39893.2467 [in Persian]
Andreica, A. (2004). Evaluating ICT Implementations within the Romanian Business Environment. Journal of Transition Studies Review, 11(3), 236 243. doi: 10.1007/s11300-004-0015-y.
Behvar, S., Naderi, N., & Fatahi, S. (2020). The effect of Economic Freedom Entrepreneurial Activities: Based on the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Quarterly Journal of Quantitative Economics (JQE)17(3), 21-42. doi: 10.22055/jqe.2019.24904.1822 [In Persian]
Babovic, F., Babovic, V., & Mijic, A. (2018). Antifragility and the development of urban water infrastructure. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 34(4), 499-509. https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2017.1369866.
Bhattacharjee, A., Higson, C., Holly, S., & Kattuman, P. (2009). Macroeconomic Instability and Business Exit: Determinants of Failures and Acquisitions of UK Firms. The Journal of Economica, 76, 108-131. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0335.2007.00662.x.
Bunoa, M., Nadanyiovaa, M., & Hraskovaa, D. (2015). The comparison of the quality of business environment in the countries of Visegrad group. Journal of Procedia Economics and Finance, 26, 423-430. doi: 10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00826-6.
Baltagi, H. B. (2009). Econometric Analaysis of Panel Data. Journal of Published by Wiley Press, 1, 28-35.
Canare, T. (2018). The Effect of Ease of Doing Business on Firm Creation. Journal of Annals Of Economics And Finance, 19(2), 555–584.
Channell, W. (2010). Urgency vs legitimacy; tensions in rebuilding the legal structure for businesses in postconflict countries. Journal of Center for International Private Enterprise (Washington DC).
Dehghan Manshadi, M., & Pourrahim, P. (2013). The Examination of the Relationship between Macroeconomic Instability and Economic Growth in Iran. Journal of Economic Research and Policies, 21(67), 171-192. [In Persian]
Dehbashi, V., Esmaeilpour Moghadam, H., & Arbabi, Z. (2020). The effect of macroeconomic instability on the number of active firms in Iran. Journal of Economic research, 20(77), 103-128. doi: 10.22054/joer.2020.12079 [In Persian]
Glanville, M., Kerušauskaitė, I., & Harley, F. (2016). Scoping Study on Business Environment Reform in Fragile and Conflict Affected States. Business Environment Reform Facility, KMPG (London, UK). Available at: https://www.gov.uk/research-for-development-outputs/scoping-study-on-business-environment-reform-in-fragile and-conflict-affected-states.
Grimm, S. (2014). The European Union’s ambiguous concept of state fragility. Journal of Third World Quarterly, 35(2): 252-267. doi: 10.1080/01436597.2014.878130.
Greene, W. H. (2008). Econometric analysis – sixth edition. New Jersey, Upper Saddle River:  Pearson International. Available at: https://www.scirp.org/(S(351jmbntvnsjt1aadkposzje))/reference/ReferencesPapers.aspx?ReferenceID=1883856.
Gwartney, J. D., Holcombe, R. G., & Lawson, R. A.  (2004). Economic Freedom, Institutional Quality, and Cross-Country Differences in Income and Growth. Journal of Cato Journal, 24(3), 205-233.
Hsiao, C. (2003). Analysis of panel data, 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press. Available at:  https://assets.cambridge.org/052181/8559/sample/0521818559ws.pdf.
Hosseinzadeh Bahraini, M., & Malek Sadati, S. (2011). Institutional obstacles to investment and business in Iran. Iranian journal of trade studies(IJTS), 15(59). doi: 25- 55 20.1001.1.17350794.1390.15.59.2.8.
Hans, V. B. (2018). Business Environment Conceptual Framework and Polices. Journal of Internatioal Educational Scientific Reseach Journal, 4(3), 67-74.
Huggins, R., & Thompson, P. (2015). Local entrepreneurial resilience and culture: the role of social values in fostering economic recovery. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 8(2): 313-330. doi: 10.1093/cjres/rsu035
Jiang, M., Gao, Y., Jin, M., & Liu, S. (2020). Sustainable development of the business environment in smart cities: a hierarchical framework. Kybernetes, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/K-03-2020-0148. doi: 10.1108/K-03-2020-0148.
Leylian, N., Ebrahimi, M.,  Zare, H., & Haghighat, A. (2022). Presenting the foreign direct investment model and economic growth of developing countries with the mediating role of human capital and information and communication technology. Quarterly Journal of Quantitative Economics (JQE), 19(3), 125- 153. doi: 10.22055/jqe.2021.32814.2225 [In Persian]
Masteikienea, R., & Venckuvieneb, V. (2015). Changes of Economic Globalization Impacts on the Baltic States Business Environments. Journal of Procedia Economics and Finance, 26, 1086-1094. doi: 10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00934-X.
Mohammadi, Z. (2020). Economics in Simple Fragility Language. Tehran, Iran Chamber Research Center. (In Persian).
Peschka, M. P. (2011). The Role of the Private Sector in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States. Background Paper for the World Development Report 2011,  Washington DC, World Bank Group. Available at: https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/887641468163482532/pdf/620590WP0The0R0BOX0361475B00PUBLIC0.pdf.
Röhn, O., Sánchez, A. C., Hermansen, M., & Rasmussen, M. (2015). Economic resilience: A new set of vulnerability indicators for OECD countries. OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 1249, OECD Publishing, Paris. doi: 10.1787/18151973.
Razm Ahang, M. (2017). Indicators of economic fragility: A set of vulnerability indicators for countries (OECD) and recommendations for the Iranian economy. Office of economic studies, Research center, Islamic consultative assembly. doi.org/10.1787/18151973 (In Persian).
Sweeney. N. M. (2009). Private Sector Development in Post-Conflict Countries. Journal of A Review of Current Literature and Practice. Cambridge, UK. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.1.3937.5442
Shahabadi, A., Kazem Naziri, M., & Jamshidi, A. (2020). The Effect Doing Business on Investment in the Selected Countries MENA. Journal of International Business Administration, 3(2), 61-80. doi: 10.22034/jiba.2020.10747 [In Persian]
Saadabadi, A., Rahimi Rad, Z., & Fartash, K. (2020). Designing and explaining the anti-fragility economic monitoring model to achieve a resilient economy. Journal of Iranian public management studies, 3(2), 59-87. [In Persian]
Shahinpour, A., & Karabulut, K. (2020). The effect of human capital on business space in Islamic countries. Journal of International business administration, 2(2), 21-41. Doi: 10.22034/jiba.2020.39114.1403 [In Persian]
Salehabadi, A. (2009). Role of the capital arket in improving iran business environment. Journal of Monetary and banking Research, 1(1), 101-122. (In Persian).
Shahinpour, A., & Karabulut, K. (2019). Islamic banking agreements and business environment in Iran. International business administration, 2(2), 21-41. doi:  10.22034/jiba.2019.9078 [In Persian]
Taherpour, J. (2019). The effect of resilience and economic vulnerability on the economic growth of oil countries. Journal of Modern Economics and Commerce, 14 (1), 83-106. doi: 10.30465/jnet.2019.4281 [In Persian]
Vallings, C., & Moreno-Torres, M. (2005). Drivers of fragility: What makes states fragile?. Prde working paper no. 7. Available at: https://b2n.ir/001071.
Varmziari, H., & Imani, B. (2017). Resilience analysis of rural businesses in Malekan city. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, (1)10, 181-200. doi: 10.22059/jed.2017.62327 [In Persian]
World Bank. (2011). World Development Report 2011: Conflict, Security and Development. World Bank (Washington DC). Available at: https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/806531468161369474/world-development-report-2011-conflict-security-and-development-overview.
Yazdan Fam, M. (2018). Fragile governments and human security. Quarterly Journal of Strategic Studies, 12(4), 5-36. doi: 20.1001.1.17350727.1388.12.46.1.9 [In Persian]
Zaum, D. (2013). Political economies of corruption in fragile and conflict-affected states: Nuancing the picture. U4 Brief. Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute. Available at: https://www.u4.no/publications/political-economies-of-corruption-in-fragile-and-conflict-affected-states-nuancing-the-picture.