نوع مقاله : مقاله مستخرج از رساله دکتری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد، گروه اقتصاد، واحد اراک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اراک، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه اقتصاد، واحد اراک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اراک، ایران.

4 دکتری اقتصاد، گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

چکیده

چکیده گسترده
معرفی:
انرژی به عنوان نهاده در تولید، توزیع و مصرف تقریباً همه کالاها و خدمات مورد استفاده قرار می­گیرد. بنابراین، اهمیت گسترده­ای در زنجیره عرضه هم از بُعد کالای نهایی برای مصرف­کنندگان و هم از بُعد نهاده تولیدی برای تولیدکنندگان دارد (Adom et al., 2019). این اهمیت موجب استفاده بیش از حد از انرژی برای دستیابی به رشد و توسعه اقتصادی بالاتر شده و تخریب محیط زیست و از بین رفتن منابع طبیعی را به همراه داشته است. در واقع هر چند انرژی برای رشد و توسعه اقتصادی لازم است، اما می­توان گفت نگرانی از کمبود آن و توجه به مسائل زیست محیطی نیز ضروری است. در واقع محدودیت و
پایان­پذیری منابع انرژی باعث شده است تا مدیریت مصرف انرژی به یکی از موضوعات مهم در اقتصاد جهانی تبدیل شود (Harati et al., 1396). بنابراین مطالعه عوامل موثر بر کارآیی در مصرف انرژی و کاهش شدت انرژی یکی از مقدمات ضروری برای مدیریت کارآمد مصرف انرژی و کاهش آلاینده­های زیست محیطی است. در بین عوامل مختلف، تاثیر توسعه مالی بر شدت انرژی از موضوعات مهمی است که در چند سال اخیر بیش از پیش مطرح و اهمیت خود را نشان داده است. لذا این امر می­تواند سیاست­گزاری­های بهینه در مصرف انرژی و کارایی­های زیست محیطی داشته باشد. . لذا تحقیق حاضر به بررسی تاثیر توسعه مالی بر شدت انرژی در ایران طی دوره 1397-1350 تحت شرایط رژیمی پرداخته است.
 
متدولوژی:
برای بررسی تاثیر توسعه مالی بر شدت انرژی در ایران تحت شرایط رژیمی از الگوی خودرگرسیون برداری مبتنی بر تصحیح خطا (MS-VECM) استفاده شده است. داده­های آماری متغیرهای توسعه مالی از بانک اطلاعات جهانی WDI(2020) و شدت مصرف انرژی داده­های شدت انرژی از ترازنامه انرژی  و همچنین آمار متغیرهای رشد اقتصادی، شهر نشینی، صنعتی شدن و باز بودن تجاری از سایت بانک جهانی WDI(2020)جمع آوری شده است.
 
یافته­ها:
با توجه به برآورد الگو تاثیر توسعه مالی بر شدت انرژی در سه رژیم متفاوت تجزیه و تحلیل شده است. با توجه به نتایج، توسعه مالی در رژیم صفر تاثیر منفی و معناداری بر شدت انرژی دارد. در این رژیم بهبود توسعه مالی موجب کاهش شدت انرژی شده است. در رژیم یک تاثیر توسعه مالی بر شدت انرژی مثبت و معنادار است و بهبود فضای توسعه مالی موجب افزایش شدت انرژی شده است. در رژیم دو توسعه مالی  تاثیر منفی بر شدت انرژی دارد، اما ضریب اثرگذاری آن نسبت به رژیم صفر متفاوت است. بنابراین نتایج نشان داد که شدت انرژی تحت تاثیر رژیم­های متفاوت توسعه مالی قرار دارد.
 
نتیجه:
با توجه به نتایج مطالعه می­توان بیان کرد که توسعه مالی تاثیر مهم و قابل توجهی در مصرف و شدت انرژی دارد. هنگامی که توسعه مالی حول وضعیت باثبات خود قرار می­گیرد و نوسان کمی دارد، تاثیر توسعه مالی بر شدت انرژی منفی است. در کشور ایران که مصرف و شدت انرژی در آن نسبت به سایر کشورها در وضعیت مناسبی قرار ندارد توجه به این نکته حائز اهمیت است. لذا نتایج نشان می­دهد که سیاست­گذاران اقتصادی علاوه بر توجه به توسعه مالی باید به نوسان و تغییرپذیری این متغیر نیز توجه داشته و سعی نمایند سیاست­هایی را در پیش گیرند که موجب تلاطم و نوسان شدید در بازارهای مالی نشود. افزایش یا کاهش ناگهانی اعتبارات، تغییر ناگهانی بدهی­ها یا تغییر ناگهانی در دارایی­های بانک­ها می­تواند موجب قرار گرفتن توسعه مالی در رژیم یک شده و تاثیر مثبتی بر شدت انرژی داشته باشد. بنابراین، سیاست توجه به متغیرهای بازار مالی و شاخص­های توسعه مالی می­تواند موجب بهبود وضعیت شدت انرژی شده و کارآیی انرژی را افزایش دهد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Financial Development Regimes on Energy Intensity in Iran: Markov-Switching Approach

نویسندگان [English]

  • fatemeh bahrambeigi 1
  • mohammad hasan fotros 2
  • gholamali haji 3
  • esmael torkamani 4

1 phD Student of Economics, Department of Economics, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.

2 Professor, Department of Economics, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.

4 PhD in Economics, Department of Economics, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

EXTENDED ABSTRACT
 
INTRODUCTION
Energy is used as an input in the production, distribution and consumption of all goods and services. Therefore, it has a wide importance in the supply chain both from the perspective of the final product for consumers and from the perspective of production input for producers (Adom et al, 2019).This importance has caused the excessive use of energy to achieve higher economic growth and development, and has resulted in the destruction of the environment and the loss of natural resources. Indeed, although energy is necessary for economic growth and development, it can be said that it is necessary to worry about its lack and pay attention to environmental issues. Indeed, the limitation and depletion of energy resources has made the management of energy consumption one of the most important issues in the global economy (Harati et al, 2017). Therefore, studying the factors affecting efficiency in energy consumption and reducing energy intensity is one of the essential prerequisites for efficient management of energy consumption and reduction of environmental pollutants. Among various factors, the impact of financial development on energy intensity is one of the important issues that has been raised and shown its importance in the last few years. Therefore, this can have optimal policies in energy consumption and environmental efficiency.Therefore, the present research investigate the impact of financial development on energy intensity in Iran during the period of 1350-1397 under regime conditions.
 
 
 
 
METHODOLOGY
To investigate the impact of financial development on energy intensity in Iran under regime conditions, vector auto regression model based on error correction (MS-VECM) has been used. The statistical data of financial development variables were collected from the WDI(2020) and energy consumption intensity from the energy balance sheet, as well as the statistics of economic growth variables, urbanization, industrialization and commercial openness from the WDI (2020).
 
FINDINGS
According to the estimation model, the impact of financial development on energy intensity has been analyzed in three different regimes. According to the results, financial development in zero regimes has a negative and significant effect on energy intensity. In this regime, improving financial development has reduced energy intensity. In regime one, the impact of financial development on energy intensity is positive and significant, and the improvement of financial development environment has increased energy intensity. In regime two, financial development has a negative effect on energy intensity, but its effect coefficient is different compared to regime zero. Therefore, the results showed that energy intensity is affected by different regimes of financial development.
 
CONCLUSION
According to the results of the study, it can be said that financial development has an important and significant effect on energy consumption and intensity. When financial development is around its stable state and has little fluctuation, the impact of financial development on energy intensity is negative. It is important to pay attention to this point in Iran, where energy consumption and intensity are not in a good condition compared to other countries. Therefore, the results show that economic policy makers, in addition to paying attention to financial development, should also focus on the volatility and changeability of this variable and try to implement policies that do not cause large fluctuations in the financial markets. A momentary increase or decrease in credits, a sudden change in debts or a sudden change in bank assets can cause financial development to be in a single regime and have a positive effect on energy intensity. Therefore, the policy of paying attention to financial market variables and financial development indicators can improve energy intensity and increase energy efficiency.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Financial Development
  • Energy Intensity
  • Markov-Switching
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