نوع مقاله : زبان انگلیسی

نویسنده

دانشیار، گروه مدیریت، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

چکیده

چکیده گسترده
معرفی:
در عصر حاضر بانکداری یکی از مهم‌ترین بخش­های اقتصادی است که در سازمان‌دهی و هدایت دریافت­ها و پرداخت­ها، تسهیل مبادله‌های تجاری و بازرگانی باعث گسترش بازارها و رشد و شکوفایی اقتصادها شده است. بانک­ها از طریق تجهیز پس‌اندازها و تخصیص آن‌ها به سمت کسب‌وکارهای مختلف می­توانند نقش بسیار سازنده در اقتصاد ایفا کنند. بانک توسعه صادرات ایران به‌عنوان تنها اگزیم بانک کشور می­تواند با افزایش کارایی خود و در کنار پرداخت وام‌های ارزان‌قیمت به بنگاه­های صادراتی و تأمین سرمایه گردش موردنیاز آن‌ها، با تأمین مالی طرح‌های سرمایه‌گذاری و طرح‌های توسعه­ای به‌صورت کارا به افزایش توان صادراتی و رقابت‌پذیری آن‌ها در بازارهای جهانی کمک زیادی نماید.   
هفت معیار برای ارزیابی عملکرد شرکت عبارت‌اند از: اثربخشی، کارایی، بهره­وری، کیفیت، سودآوری و سودآوری، کیفیت زندگی کاری و خلاقیت و نوآوری. مقدار خروجی تولیدشده توسط شرکت با استفاده از مقدار معینی از نهاده­ها را بهره­وری می­گویند. بنابراین، بهبود سطح بهره‌وری نتیجه تولید خروجی بیشتر با استفاده از مقدار ثابت ورودی یا تولید مقدار ثابت خروجی با استفاده از ورودی کم­تر است.
 
متدولوژی:
برای تحقق اهداف تحقیق مراحل زیر انجام‌شده است:
در مرحله اول، به‌منظور ارزیابی کارایی بانک، کارایی شعب مختلف با استفاده از تابع تولید مرزی تصادفی سنجیده شد. بر این اساس، 27 شعبه با فعالیت مستمر طی سه سال گذشته به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب و کارایی ماهانه آن‌ها برآورد شد. برای اندازه‌گیری کارایی شعب، هزینه‌های بانک تابعی از متغیرهای ورودی و خروجی در نظر گرفته شد و سپس با استفاده از نرم‌افزار Frontier 4 برآورد شد. درآمدهای غیرعملیاتی و عملیاتی به‌عنوان خروجی و وام‌ها، تأمین مالی و سرمایه شعب به‌عنوان ورودی‌های بانک در مدل گنجانده شدند.
 
 
 
یافته­ها:
همان‌طور که در بالا ذکر شد، برآورد اقتصادسنجی تابع هزینه مستلزم انتخاب فرم تابع است. برای بررسی تجربی برآورد ناکارآیی هزینه از تابع ترانسلوگ استفاده شده است. همچنین مدل با ورودی و خروجی‌های مختلف برآورد گردید. شکل کلی تابع به صورت شرح زیر است:
  
 
 
TCit = هزینه کل شعبه iام در سالt ام،
 Qit =تولید شعبه iام در سالt ام،
 Pit = قیمت ورودی شعبه iام در سالt ام،
 Uit = ناکارایی هزینه شعبه iام در سالt ام،
 vit = خطای آماری که دارای میانگین صفر و واریانس ثابت است.
,α,ln(TC) β پارامترهای مجهول هستند که باید برآورد گردند.
 
نتیجه:
 بر اساس یافته‌های پژوهش شش راه­کار برای بهبود کارایی شعب و توسعه صادرات غیرنفتی پیشنهاد شده است.
الف) افزایش مداوم سرمایه بانک در طی زمان: سرمایه بانک توسعه صادرات به جهت دولتی بودن بانک متغیری برون‌زا است و افزایش سرمایه  بانک مستلزم حمایت مستقیم دولت است. دولت برای حمایت عملی از صادرات کشور ضروری است تلاش نماید در طی زمان با افزایش سرمایه بانک ظرفیت تأمین مالی بانک توسعه صادرات را  گسترش دهد.
ب) کاهش و ادغام شعب زیان ده که با توجه به موقعیت و شرایط موجود، شعبه قادر به تامین هزینه های خود نیست. با کاهش شعب زیان ده، کارایی هزینه اگزیم بانک افزایش می­یابد.
ج) برنامه­ریزی میان­مدت بانک مرکزی برای کاهش محدودیت‌های قانونی و مقررات مربوط به بانک‌های تجاری در بانک توسعه صادرات ایران.
د( اگر چه کاهش ملایم نرخ برابری ریال در مقایل سایر ارزها، منجر به افزایش توان رقابت­پذیری کالاها و خدمات صادراتی می­گیرد، اما این مزیت از طریق بروز نرخ تورم داخلی در سطح بالا، منجر به افزایش قیمت کالاها و خدمات صادرات می­گردد و      رقابت­پذیری محصولات صادراتی را در سطح جهانی و همچنین در مقابل محصولات وارداتی کاهش می­دهد. بنابراین بانک مرکزی باید از اعمال سایست­های پولی که  نتیجه آن بروز تورم در اقتصاد است به شدت اجتناب نماید.
 ه) افزایش بهره‌وری سرمایه انسانی و فیزیکی با برگزاری دوره‌های آموزشی مؤثر و بازنگری در جذب و به‌کارگیری نیروی انسانی به روش سنتی و استفاده از روش‌های علمی برای جذب نیروی انسانی مستعد، متخصص، با انگیزه و علاقه‌مند و غیره.
و) دولت از انتصاب مدیران غیر بانکی به‌ویژه در سطح هیئت‌مدیره و مدیرعامل بانک که تخصص، تجربه و دانش پایه بانکی لازم و آشنایی با مأموریت، فرهنگ، ارزش­ها و چشم‌انداز بانک ندارند، خودداری نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of the Effect of EXIM Bank Efficiency on Non-Oil Export

نویسنده [English]

  • Naser Seifollahi

Associate Professor, Department of Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

چکیده [English]

EXTENDED ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
In the present era, banking is one of the most important sectors of the economy, which has led to the expansion of markets and the growth and prosperity of economies in organizing and directing receipts and payments, facilitating trade and commerce. Banks can play a very constructive role in the economy by equipping savings and allocating them to various businesses. Export Development Bank of Iran, as the only Exim Bank of the country, can increase its efficiency by paying low-cost loans to export companies and providing the required working capital, as well as financing investment projects and development projects to increase export capacity. and their competitiveness in global markets will help a lot.
Seven criteria for evaluating firm performance are: effectiveness, efficiency, productivity, quality, profitability and Profitability, quality of working life and creativity and innovation.
The amount of output produced by the firm using a certain amount of inputs is called productivity. Thus, improving the level of productivity is the result of producing more output using a fixed amount of input or producing a fixed amount of output using less input.
 
METHODOLOGY
The following steps have been taken in the research for fulfilling the research objectives:
In the first step, in order to evaluate bank’s performance, the efficiency of various branches was measured using Stochastic Frontier Production Function.  Accordingly, 27 branches with continuous activity during the past three years were selected as sample and their monthly efficiency was estimated. For measuring branches’ efficiency, bank’s expenses were considered as a function of input and output variables and then estimated using Frontier 4 software. finally non-operating and operating incomes, as outputs, and impairment loan, provision of default and branches’ capital, as bank’s inputs, were identified.
 
FINDINGS
As mentioned above, econometric estimation of cost function requires selection of function form. the translog function has been used to experimentally estimate cost inefficiency .also, the model was estimated with different inputs and outputs.the model was also estimated with different inputs and outputs. the general form of the function is as follows.
 
TCit is the total cost of ith bank, Qit is output, Pjit is input price, Uit is cost inefficiency and vit is Statistical error with zero mean and constant variance. ln (TC),α, β are unknown parameters that Should be estimated.
 
CONCLUSION
Whereas inputs aproved in the above model for estimating branches’ efficiency include branches’ capital, impairment loans and provision of default branches' facilities, six strategies are suggested for improving branches’ efficiency and developing non-oil exports.
a)Increasing the bank's capital continuity over time: The capital of the Export Development Bank is an exogenous variable due to the Being governmental bank, and increasing the bank's capital requires direct government support. In order to provide practical support for the country's exports, the government needs to try to expand the financing capacity of the Export Development Bank over time with the bank's capital.

b) Although a slight decrease in the exchange rate of the rial against other currencies leads to an increase in the competitiveness of export goods and services,however, this advantage, through the occurrence of high domestic inflation, leads to an increase in the price of export goods and services and reduces the competitiveness of export products globally and against imported products. Therefore, the central bank should strictly avoid applying monetary policies that result in inflation in the economy..

 c)The Central Bank is trying to reduce the restrictions of the rules and regulations related to commercial banks in Exim Bank Iran.
d)Reduction and merger of loss-making branches that are unable to cover their costs due to the location and conditions of the branch.
e)Increasing the productivity of human and physical capital by holding effective training courses and revising the recruitment and employment of manpower in a traditional way and using scientific methods to attract talented, specialized, motivated and interested manpower, etc.
f) The government should avoid appointing non-bank managers, especially at the level of the bank's board of directors and CEO, who do not have the necessary banking expertise, knowledge and familiarity with the bank's mission, culture, values and vision.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Postal address: Daneshgah St
  • Department of Management
  • Faculty of Social Sciences
  • Mohaghegh Ardabili University
  • Ardabil
  • Iran
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