Document Type : Article-Based Dissertations

Authors

• Ali Moftakhari ¹
• Mohammad Jafari ²
• Esmaiel Abounoori ³
• Younes Nademi ⁴

¹ Student of Economics, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.

² Associate Professor of Economics, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran

³ Professor of Economics, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics, Management and Administrative Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.

⁴ Assistant Professor of Economics, Department of Economics, Faculty of Humanities, Ayatollah Boroujerdi University Boroujerd, Boroujerd, Iran.

Abstract

However, the phenomenon of brain drain, especially in recent decades, has become a problem especially for developing countries and many factors and variables, including political, social, economic factors, which act as gravitational and repulsive forces, on the phenomenon of brain drain in countries. It is different, but analyzing the effects of gender inequality on brain drain can better analyze the phenomenon of elite migration. One of the most important migration developments in recent decades is the existence of high statistics of women, especially their elite in developing countries in the process of migration and increasing women's migration, which has turned the phenomenon of migration into a gender process, called migration feminization. . Women's migration can be a solution to escape the constraints and shortcomings imposed on the structure and family, as well as escape from a kind of social control and gender discrimination, as well as prejudices in the communities of origin, and the possibility of employment in jobs that Provide a limited community in the community of origin. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of gender inequality on brain drain in 40 developing countries during the years 2002-2008. For this purpose, the generalized torque method has been used. The results of model estimation show that gender inequality index has a nonlinear effect on brain drain. Gender inequality index at its low levels has a negative effect on brain drain, but increasing the level of gender inequality index and crossing the threshold level of 0.618, has intensified brain drain. Therefore, the intensification of gender inequality is a factor in increasing the migration of elites from developing countries, and policymakers need to take the necessary measures to reduce gender inequalities. On the other hand, each of the variables in the model had a different effect on brain drain; Some of which reduce and some of which increase the migration of elites. The first stop of brain drain and freedom of expression had a positive effect on brain drain from developing countries, and the control of corruption and political stability had a negative effect on brain drain and elite migration.

Keywords

• Brain drain
• Gender inequality
• Developing countries
• Panel data model

Main Subjects

• Public sector economy and Fiscal institutions