نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده ی اقتصاد و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

2 دانش آموخته اقتصاد، دانشکده ی اقتصاد و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

3 استاد گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده ی اقتصاد و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

چکیده

عبور نرخ ارز و عوامل مؤثر بر آن میزان و درجه‌ی تأثیر بر قیمت‌ها از طریق نرخ ارز را اندازه‌گیری می‌کند. در ادبیات دو کانال برای عبور نرخ ارز متمایز شده است: کانال مستقیم و کانال غیرمستقیم. کانال مستقیم عبور از طریق بخش خارجی یک کشور انجام می‌شود، یعنی از طریق قیمت‌های واردات. کانال غیرمستقیم عبور نرخ ارز نیز به رقابت‌پذیری کالاها در بازارهای بین‌المللی اشاره دارد. از عوامل تأثیرگذار بر درجه عبور نرخ ارز می‌توان به سیاست‌های پولی اشاره کرد.تغییرات پایه پولی در ایران بسیار پر نوسان بوده و این نوسانات به بی‌ثباتی نرخ ارز و شاخص قیمت‌ها منجر می‌شود. هدف اصلی این پژوهش، تحلیل اثر رژیم‌های پولی بر درجه عبور نرخ ارز در ایران طی دوره زمانی 1396-1365است. به این منظور، ابتدا با استفاده از مدل مارکوف-سوئیچینگ رژیم‌های عرضه پول استخراج شده است. بر اساس نتایج مدل رفتار عرضه پول در دو رژیم تقسیم‌بندی شد که رژیم اول به عنوان رژیم‌ مثبت عرضه پول و رژیم دوم رژیم‌ منفی عرضه پول می‌باشند. سپس با تعریف دو متغیر مجازی برای هر یک از رژیم‌های پولی اثر تقاطعی این متغیرها همراه با متغیرهایی همچون درجه باز بودن تجاری، قیمت نفت و شوک‌های مثبت و منفی نرخ ارز با استفاده از روش غیرخطی خودرگرسیونی با وقفه‌های توزیعی (NARDL) بر شاخص قیمت کالاهای مصرفی در کوتاه‌مدت و بلندمدت مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. روش غیرخطی خودرگرسیونی با وقفه‌های توزیعی (NARDL) نسبت به روش ARDL خطی مزیت‌هایی دارد. از آن‌جا که در بازه زمانی سال‌های اخیر، عوامل اقتصادی و سیاسی زیادی موجب شده نرخ ارز تغییرات زیادی را پشت سر بگذارد که الزاما هم‌جهت نبوده‌اند، در نظر گرفتن تأثیرات متقارن برای تغییرات غیر هم‌جهت نرخ ارز موجب تورش در شناخت آثار این تغییرات متفاوت بر سایر متغیرهای کلان اقتصادی می‌شود. مطالعه حاضر با تفکیک تکانه‌های مثبت و منفی نرخ ارز به کمک روش خودرگرسیون با وقفه‌های توزیعی غیرخطی (NARDL) تبیین دقیق‌تری از میزان تأثیرگذاری کوتاه مدت و بلندمدت تکانه‌های نرخ ارز بر شاخص قیمت مصرف‌کننده در ایران ارائه می‌دهد.

نتایج تجربی تحقیق نشان می دهد درجه عبور نرخ ارز به شاخص قیمت مصرف‌کننده در کوتاه‌مدت و بلندمدت در اقتصاد ایران ناقص و نامتقارن است.همچنین رژیم‌های مثبت و منفی پولی در کوتاه‌مدت و بلندمدت اثرات نامتقارنی بر درجه عبور نرخ ارز به شاخص قیمت مصرف‌کننده داشته است. رژیم‌های پولی مثبت در کوتاه‌مدت و بلندمدت دارای اثرات مثبت و معنادار بر درجه عبور نرخ ارز به شاخص قیمت مصرف‌کننده بوده است، رژیم‌های پولی منفی در کوتاه‌مدت با یک وقفه تأخیر اثر منفی و معنادار و دربلندمدت نیز بر درجه عبور نرخ ارز به شاخص قیمت مصرف‌کننده تأثیر منفی و معنادار داشته است. همچنین متغیر درجه باز بودن تجاری هم در کوتاه‌مدت و هم در بلندمدت تأثیر منفی و معناداری بر درجه عبور نرخ ارز به شاخص قیمت مصرف‌کننده داشته است و متغیر قیمت نفت در کوتاه‌مدت و بلندمدت تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر درجه عبور نرخ ارز به شاخص قیمت مصرف‌کننده داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of cross-over effect of positive and negative monetary regimes on the incomplete and asymmetric Degree of Exchange Rate Pass-Through with: NARDL and Markov-switching Method

نویسندگان [English]

  • ebrahim Anvari 1
  • parastoo moradi 2
  • seyed Aziz Arman 3

1 Associate Professor of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

2 MSC. Economic Science, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

3 Professor of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Exchange rate pass-through and factors affecting on that measures extent and degree of impact on prices of through the exchange rate.in the literature, two channels for the exchange rate pass-throught distinguished: the direct channel and the indirect channel. The direct transit channel is through the foreing sector of a country, ie through import prices. The indirect Exchange rate pass-through channel also refers to the competitivenessof commodities in international markets. Of the factors affecting the degree of exchange rate pass-through, monetary shocks can be point. Monetary base change in iran are very frequency and this frequency leads to price index and exchange rate volatility. The main objective of this study, is to investigate the effects of monetary regimes on exchange rate pass-through in Iran during 1986-2017. For this purpose, first are extracted by using Markov-switching method monetary supply regimes. Based on the results of the money supply behavior model, it was divided in to two regimes, the first regime being the positive money supply regime and the second regime the negative money supply regime. Then by defining two virtual variablesfor each of the monetary regimes, the cross-over effect of these variables along with variables such as the Degree of Commercial liberalization, oil prices and positive and negative exchange rate shocks using the nonlinear autoregressive distribution lag (NARDL) method on consumer price index in the short run and long run has been studied. nonlinear autoregressive distribution lag (NARDL) method which gives more merits over linear ARDL approach. Since in recent years, many economic and political factors have caused the exchange rate to undergo many changes that were not necessarily directional, considering the symmetrical effects of non-directional exchange rate changes has led to a shift in recognizing the effects of these different changes on others. Becomes macroeconomic variables. The present study provides a more accurate explanation of the short run and long run effects of exchange rate shocks on the consumer price index in iran by separating the positive and negative exchange rate shocks using the nonlinear autoregressive distribution lag (NARDL) method. The empirical results study showed in economics of Iran degree of exchange rate pass-through on consumer price index in short run and long run is incomplete and asymmetric. Also pasitive and negative monetary regimes in short run and long run have asymmetric effect on degree of exchange rate pass-through on consumer price index . Positive monetary regimes in short run and long run have positive and significant effect on degree of exchange rate pass-through consumer price index, negative monetary regimes in short run with one interruptions negative and significant effect and in long run have been a negative and significant effect on this. Also variable Degree of Commercial liberalization in short run and long run have a negative and significant impact on degree of exchange rate pass-through consumer price index and oil price variable have a positive and significant impact on degree of exchange rate pass-through consumer price index.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • degree of exchange rate pass-through
  • monetary regimes
  • Markov-switching NARDL
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