نوع مقاله : مقاله مستخرج از رساله دکتری

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار مالی، گروه مدیریت مالی و بیمه، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 استاد مدعو مالی، گروه مدیریت مالی و بیمه، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

3 استاد بازرگانی، گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

4 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت مالی، گروه مدیریت مالی و بیمه، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

چکیده گسترده
معرفی:
گرچه رفتار توده‌وار در نظریات موجود عمدتاً بر اساس نوعی تقلید و تکرار رفتار تعریف می­شود، ارائه مدل ریاضی که توانایی شناسایی این پدیده را داشته باشد، با دشواری همراه است.
 
متدولوژی:
در تحقیق حاضر تلاش می­شود، با استفاده از روش مونت‌کارلو و داده­های قیمت سهام شرکت‌های بورس و فرابورس تهران، طی سال‌های 1390 تا 1398، رفتار توده‌وار در بین شرکت‌های نمونه بررسی شود. نظر به این‌که بازار سرمایه ایران با پدیده بسته شدن نماد مواجه است و این امر می­تواند مقادیر رفتار توده­وار قیمت را تحت تأثیر قرار دهد، نتایج با بازار سهام نیویورک به‌عنوان یک بازار توسعه‌یافته از حیث رفتار توده‌وار قیمت، مقایسه شده­اند. یافتة اول بیانگر وجود رفتار توده‌وار در 29٫6 درصد از موارد ممکن در نمونة تحقیق است. یافتة دوم از وجود رفتار توده‌وار به مقدارمتوسط 4٫0۷ درصد حکایت دارد. یافتة سوم، منعکس‌کنندة افزایش مقدار رفتار توده‌وار همراه با افزایش بازده مطلق است که نشان می­دهد با افزایش تغییرات قیمت در سطح شرکت‌ها، مقدار رفتار توده‌وار نیز افزایش
می­یابد.
 
یافته­ها:
نتایج برآوردها همچنین نشان می­دهد رفتار توده‌وار تقریباً به‌صورت متقارن رفتار می­کند و با افزایش مقدار مطلق بازده سهام، مقدار رفتار توده‌وار ابتدا کاهشی و سپس افزایشی است. بر این اساس، در روزهایی که تغییرات قیمت چندانی رخ نمی‌دهد، مقدار رفتار توده‌وار اندک است؛ اما با افزایش مقدار بازدهی، میانگین رفتار توده‌وار نیز مثبت و صعودی می‌شوند و بالغ‌بر 16 درصد می­شود. این موضوع بیان می‌کند که در هنگام افزایش قیمت یک سهم، قیمت سهم‌های دیگر نیز تمایل به افزایش پیدا می‌کنند و هرقدر افزایش قیمت شدیدتر باشد، مقدار تقلید رفتار قیمت­ها نیز بیشتر می­شود. در هنگام کاهش قیمت‌ها، روندی مشابه ملاحظه می‌شود. با کاهش قیمت‌ها و شدت‌گرفتن بازدهی منفی، میانگین نرخ رفتار توده‌وار نیز افزایش می‌یابد و هرقدر کاهش قیمت‌ها بیشتر شود، مقدار رفتار توده‌وار نیز افزایش می‌یابد. درنتیجه هرقدر مقدار مطلق بازده قیمت افزوده‌شده)، مقدار رفتار توده‌وار نیز افزایش‌یافته است.
 یافتۀ چهارم تحقیق بیانگر احتمال وجود ارتباط بین مقدار رفتار توده­وار حجم معاملات است. برای بررسی این ارتباط در شرایط افزایش شدید حجم و تعداد معاملات،  داده‌های قیمت بر اساس تعداد و حجم معاملات در 20 گروه طبقه‌بندی‌شده‌اند. سپس مقدار رفتار توده‌وار هر گروه محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد ارتباط بین رفتار توده‌وار با هر دو شاخص مقدار معاملات مثبت و معنی‌دار است و با افزایش شدید تعداد یا حجم معاملات، رفتار توده وار به حداکثر مقدار خود نزدیک می­شود. کسب نتایج مشابه در بورس نیویورک در ادامه توصیف می­شوند.
 
نتیجه:
شواهد رفتار توده­وار در بورس نیویورک نیز نشان می­دهد، این پدیده در بورس نیویورک تقریبا دوبرابر بازار سرمایۀ ایران رخ می­دهد. انتشار سریع‌تر و هماهنگ اخبار بنیادی و عکس‌العمل سریع‌تر به آن‌ها در بازار می­تواند دلایل اصلی بروز این امر باشد. این نتایج با مطالعۀ وانگ و سالمون (2004) مطابقت دارد که در آن مقدار رفتار توده‌وار بازار امریکا بیشتر از مقدار مشابه در بورس کرۀ جنوبی به‌دست‌آمده است. به نظر می­رسد باتوجه‌به مقدار اندک بسته‌بودن سهام در بورس نیویورک، معنادار بودن مقادیر رفتار توده‌وار قیمت در آن بازار به معنی آن است که، مقادیر به‌دست‌آمده برای بازار تهران نیز احتمالاً چندان تحت تأثیر بسته‌بودن نمادها نیست و می‌توان به رفتار توده‌وار شناسایی‌شده در بازار اتکا کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of stock price Herding in Tehran Stock Exchange

نویسندگان [English]

  • Gholam Hossein Asadi 1
  • Hossein Abdoh Tabrizi 2
  • Mohamad Reza Hamidizade 3
  • sajad farazmand 4

1 Associate Professor of Finance, Department of Finance and Insurance, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran .

2 Visiting Professor of Finance, Department of Finance and Insurance, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Professor of Business, Department of Business, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

4 PhD candidate in Finance, department of finance, faculty of management and accounting, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

EXTENDED ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
Although herding behavior is mainly defined on the basis of imitation and repetition in existing theories, it is difficult to provide a mathematical model which is able to identify this phenomenon.
METHODOLOGY
Therefore, in this paper, using the Monte Carlo method and stock price data of Tehran Stock Exchange and OTC companies, during the years 2011 to 2019, the herding behavior among the sample companies is investigated. Given that the Iranian capital market is facing the phenomenon of closure, and this can affect the values ​​of price herding, the results are examined with the New York Stock Exchange as a market developed.
 
FINDINGS
The first finding indicates the presence of herding behavior in 29.6% of possible cases in the sample. The second finding indicates the presence of herding at an average of 4.07%. The third finding reflects the increase in the amount of herding along with the increase in absolute return, which shows that as the stock prices change, the values of herding also increases.
Also, the results show that the herding behaves almost symmetrically with increasing the absolute amount of stock returns, the amount of herding behavior is first decreasing and then increasing. Accordingly, when price change are slight, the amount of herding is small; But with drastic increases, the average herding behavior also becomes positive and upwards, reaching 16%. This means that as the price of one stock rises, the prices of other stocks also tend to rise, and the sharper the price increase, the greater the amount of imitation of price behavior. A similar trend is observed when prices fall. As prices fall and negative returns intensify, the average rate of herding behavior also increases, and the higher the decline in prices, the higher the rate of herding behavior. As a result, the higher the absolute amount of price return, the greater the amount of herding behavior.
The fourth finding of the study indicates the possibility of a relationship between the herding and trading volume. To examine this relationship in the face of a sharp increase in the volume and number of trades, price data are classified into 20 groups based on the number and volume of trades. Then the amount of herding behavior of each group was calculated. The results show that the relationship between both indices of trading and herding is positive and significant and with a sharp increase in the number or volume of trades, herding measure approaches its maximum value. Similar results on the New York Stock Exchange are described below.
 
CONCLUSION
Evidence of herding behavior in the New York Stock Exchange also shows that this phenomenon occurs almost twice as much as in the Iranian capital market. Faster and more coordinated dissemination of news and faster reactions to them in NYSE can be the main reasons for this. These results are consistent with a study by Hwang and Salmon (2004) in which the amount of herding behavior in the US market was higher than the South Korean stock exchange. It seems that due to the less trading halts in NYSE, the significant values ​​of price herding in that market mean that the values ​​obtained for the Tehran market are probably not affected by the trading halts and the results can be reliable.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Financial markets
  • price herding
  • decision making
  • modeling
  • Monte Carlo method
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