نوع مقاله : مقاله مستخرج از رساله دکتری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد، گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران.

2 استادیار اقتصاد، گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران.

چکیده

چکیده گسترده
معرفی:
امروزه دستیابی به رشد و توسعه اقتصادی از مهم­ترین اهداف کشورها به ویژه کشورهای در حال توسعه است. یکی از منابعی که می­توان توسط آن به رشد و توسعه اقتصادی دست یافت، سرمایه گذاری مستقیم خارجی است. شواهد نشان می­دهد که سرمایه انسانی نقش میانجی برای تاثیر سرمایه گذاری مستقیم خارجی بر رشد اقتصادی دارد. عامل مهم دیگر که موثر بر رشد اقتصادی و رونق کشورهاست، فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات است. لذا هدف از پژوهش حاضر، ارائه الگوی سرمایه گذاری مستقیم خارجی و رشد اقتصادی کشورهای در حال توسعه با نقش میانجی سرمایه انسانی و فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات است.
 
متدولوژی:
جامعه آماری، کشورهای در حال توسعه در دوره زمانی 2018-2000 هستند. جهت انجام تحقیق، کشورهای در حال توسعه در سه قاره آسیا، آفریقا و آمریکای جنوبی انتخاب شدند. سپس کشورهای مورد مطالعه جهت الگوسازی، به چهار دسته درآمد پایین، درآمد کمتر از متوسط، درآمد بالاتر از متوسط و درآمد بالا تقسیم­بندی شده و مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. کشورهای مورد مطالعه در تحقیق حاضر، 9 کشور آسیایی، 9 کشور آفریقایی و 9 کشور آمریکای جنوبی است. بنابراین در نهایت 27 کشور در سه قاره گفته شده به عنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب شدند. روشی که برای بررسی هدف تحقیق به کار گرفته شد، رهیافت الگوسازی چندگروهی به روش معادلات ساختاری با رویکرد حداقل مربعات جزئی (PLS) و توسط نرم افزار Smart PLS است.
 
یافته­ها:
نتایج الگوی معادلات ساختاری نشان داد که تنها برای کشورهای با درآمد بالا، متغیرهای سرمایه انسانی و فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات در تاثیر سرمایه گذاری مستقیم خارجی بر رشد اقتصادی، نقش میانجی دارد. بدین صورت که در کشورهای با درآمد بالا، سرمایه گذاری مستقیم خارجی به میزان 609/0 بر سرمایه انسانی تاثیرگذار است و سرمایه انسانی به میزان 428/0 بر رشد اقتصادی تاثیر می­گذارد و همچنین سرمایه گذاری مستقیم خارجی بر فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات به میزان 482/0 تاثیرگذار است و فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات به میزان 348/0 بر رشد اقتصادی تاثیر می­گذارد. در سایر گروه­های درآمدی کشورهای در حال توسعه، این دو متغیر نتوانسته­اند به عنوان میانجی برای تاثیر سرمایه گذاری مستقیم خارجی بر رشد اقتصادی عمل نمایند.
 
نتیجه:
بر اساس نتایج، کشورهای با درآمد بالا دریافتند که امکان افزایش بهره­وری به دلیل سطح بالای سرمایه انسانی و نیروی کار ماهر از طریق انتقال تکنولوژی­های جدید و سرریز­های تکنولوژی و همچنین بهبود فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات وجود دارد و این موضوع به عنوان عاملی مثبت در رشد اقتصادی عمل می­کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Presenting the foreign direct investment model and economic growth of developing countries with the mediating role of human capital and information and communication technology

نویسندگان [English]

  • Neda Leylian 1
  • mehrzad ebrahimi 2
  • Hashem Zare 2
  • Ali Haghighat 2

1 Ph.D. student of Economics, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.

2 Assistance professor of Economics, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.

چکیده [English]

EXTENDED ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
One of the most important goals of the countries, especially developing countries, is economic growth and development. One of the sources that can retrieve the lack of capital in the developing countries and lead to economic growth is foreign direct investment. Some evidence shows the human capital plays a mediating role in the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth. The other important factor that can affect economic growth and the prosperity of countries, is the information and communication technology. Thus, the current research aim is to present a foreign direct investment model and economic growth in developing countries with the mediating role of human capital and information and communication technology.
 
METHODOLOGY
The study populations are the developing countries between 2000-2018. In this research, the developing countries in three continents of Asia, Africa, and Southern America have been selected. Then, the countries are divided into four different income groups: developing countries with high-income, developing countries with higher than medium income, developing countries with lower than medium income, and developing countries with low-income. Thus, in the end, 27 countries in three continents have been chosen as the statistical sample. The method used in this study is the multi-group modeling approach with the structural models with partial least square (PLS) approach.
 
FINDINGS
The results showed that only in the developing countries with high income, the human capital and information and communication technology have a mediating role on the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth. Thus in high income countries, foreign direct investment affects human capital by 0.609 and human capital affects economic growth by 0.428. Foreign direct investment affects information and communication technology by 0.482 and information and communication technology by 0.348 affects economic growth. In the other income groups in developing countries, these two variables couldn’t have any impact on foreign direct investment on economic growth as a mediator.
 
CONCLUSION
Based on the results, it is recommended for developing countries to implement human capital, information and communication technology in foreign direct investment and increase economic growth by using these factors.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Economic Growth
  • Foreign Direct Investment
  • Human Capital
  • Information And Communication Technology
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