نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار اقتصاد،گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران

2 کارشناس ارشد مدیریت مالی، دانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران.

چکیده

چکیده گسترده
معرفی:
 هدف اصلی این پژوهش بررسی رابطه میان ریسک اطلاعاتی در قالب دو شاخص ریسک نوسان پذیری و ریسک آربیتراژ با احتمال وقوع حباب قیمتی سهام شرکت‌ها می‌باشد. بدین منظور داده‌های مربوط به 109 شرکت فعال در بورس اوراق بهادار طی دوره 1390-1397 به‌عنوان نمونه به روش نمونه‌گیری حذف سیستماتیک انتخاب شدند. عدم وجود شفافیت در خصوص اطلاعات مالی شرکت‌ها و همچنین دستکاری قیمت‌ها، منجر به ایجاد حباب قیمتی سهام می‌گردد؛ و در نهایت این اطلاعات نادرست باعث می‌شود که حباب قیمتی ترکیده و باعث می‌‌‌شود که قیمت دارایی‌های مالی با کاهش شدیدی مواجه شود و منجر به ایجاد بحران مالی در بازار سرمایه گردد. اگر قیمت سهام در بازار منطقی نبوده و دچار نوسانات شدید و تشکیل حباب‌های قیمتی شود، باعث می‌شود که ارزش‌گذاری اوراق بهادار به درستی و بر مبنای عملکرد واقعی آن‌ها انجام نگیرد و در نهایت قیمت‌ها به عنوان یک نماگر نمی‌توانند عملکرد درست و واقعی آن‌ها را نشان دهند. درواقع اطلاعات مالی در مورد هر شرکت در هنگام برآورد ارزش قیمت سهام بسیار مهم است. سرمایه‌گذاران این اطلاعات مالی عمومی را برای ارزیابی چشم‌انداز پتانسیل آینده هر شرکت در نظر می‌گیرند.
 
 
 
متدولوژی:
فرضیه‌های تحقیق در راستای اهداف تحقیق به دنبال بررسی رابطه میان ریسک اطلاعاتی (که شامل ریسک آربیتراژ و ریسک نوسان‌پذیری سهام می‌باشد) و حباب قیمتی سهام که با روش جدیدی اندازه‌گیری شده، طراحی شدند. این نحوه اندازه‌گیری به‌جای وقوع حباب قیمتی، آن را به شکل احتمالی از وقوع حباب در نظر می‌گیرد. متغیر احتمال وقوع حباب قیمتی از طریق آزمون سوپریموم تعمیم یافته که یک آزمون از مجموعه آزمون‌های راست دنباله است و به‌منظور پیش‌بینی دوره‌های وقوع حباب قیمتی استفاده می‌شود، روی داده‌های هفتگی سهام محاسبه شد. سپس از طریق دو مدل رگرسیونی داده‌های پانل تأثیر شاخص‌های ریسک اطلاعاتی در کنار مهم‌ترین متغیرهای مؤثر بر حباب قیمتی بر متغیر وابسته تحقیق بررسی شد.
 
یافته­ها:
نتایج تخمین مدل اول پژوهش نشان‌دهنده وجود رابطه مثبت و معنادار میان ریسک نوسان‌پذیری سهام با احتمال وقوع حباب قیمتی در سهام شرکت است. این نشان می‌دهد که افزایش ریسک نوسان‌پذیری به‌عنوان شاخصی از ریسک اطلاعاتی می‌تواند عامل مهمی برای تشکیل حباب قیمتی در سهام شرکت شود؛ بنابراین فرضیه اول تحقیق مورد تائید قرار می‌گیرد. همچنین در تائید نتایج تخمین مدل قبل، ریسک آربیتراژ نیز مانند ریسک نوسان‌پذیری رابطه مثبت و معناداری با احتمال وقوع حباب قیمتی دارد. این بدان معنی است که با افزایش ریسک آربیتراژ هر سهم می‌توان انتظار بیشتری برای وقوع حباب قیمتی داشت و این بیانگر این موضوع است که فرضیه دوم تحقیق مورد تائید قرار می‌گیرد.
همچنین نتایج نشان داد که سهم سهامداران نهادی تأثیر مثبت و معنی‌داری بر احتمال وقوع حباب قیمتی دارد این نتایج، مبین مالکان نهادی غیرفعال در شرکت‌ها است در واقع اگر مالکان نهادی سهام شرکت به‌طور مستقیم سهام شرکت را در بازار مدیریت کنند اجازه نخواهند داد که حباب قیمتی در سهام شکل بگیرد. در سهم‌هایی با شناوری بیشتر احتمال وقوع حباب قیمتی کمتر است. متغیر ارزش دفتری به ارزش بازار رابطه منفی و معنی‌داری با احتمال وقوع حباب قیمتی دارد بالا بودن این شاخص در واقع نشان می‌دهد که قیمتی که اکنون یک سهم از یک بنگاه حاضر در بورس به آن قیمت معامله می‌شود از ارزشی که از نظر حسابداری در دفاتر حسابداری آن شرکت ثبت شده بیشتر است و این نشان می‌دهد شرکت در وضعیت مالی و رشدی مناسبی قرار دارد و این باعث می‌شود که رشد قیمتی سهام این شرکت‌ها بدون وقوع حباب در آن‌ها و با دلیل ارزش ذاتی همراه باشد. با بزرگتر شدن اندازه شرکت نیز احتمال وقوع حباب قیمتی در آن کمتر می‌شود. به نظر می‌رسد شرکت‌های کوچک با وجود اطلاعات نامتقارن‌تر، امکان بالقوه دستکاری قیمت می‌توانند کاندیدهای مناسبی برای تشکیل حباب قیمتی باشند.
 
نتیجه:
 لذا با توجه به اینکه نتایج آزمون تجربی فرضیه‌های تحقیق هم‌راستا با انتظار نظری، نشان داد که رابطه مثبت و معناداری میان ریسک اطلاعاتی با احتمال وقوع حباب قیمتی وجود دارد، از این رو لازم است، مدیران و ناظران و سیاست‌گذاران بازار سرمایه در راستای تثبیت یا محدود کردن نوسانات بازار اقدام به کاهش ریسک اطلاعاتی سهام شرکت‌ها نمایند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Relationship between Information Risk with Bubble Price Probability in Companies Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange

نویسندگان [English]

  • Habib Ansari Samani 1
  • Maryam Aminian Dehkordi 2

1 Associate Professor of Economics, Faculty of Economics, Management And Accounting, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.

2 MSc,. Financial Management, Faculty of Economics, Management And Accounting, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.

چکیده [English]

EXTENDED ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between information risk in the form of two indicators of volatility risk and arbitrage risk with the probability of price bubble of companies' stocks. For this purpose, data related to 109 companies active in the stock exchange during the period 2011-2017 were selected as a sample by systematic removal sampling method. Lack of transparency regarding companies' financial information as well as price manipulation leads to stock price bubble; finally, this false information causes the price bubble to burst and the price of financial assets to fall sharply, leading to a financial crisis in the capital market. If the stock price in the market is not reasonable and suffers from severe fluctuations and the formation of price bubbles, securities will not be valued properly based on their actual performance, and ultimately prices as an indicator cannot show their correct and real performance. In fact, financial information about each company is very important when estimating the value of stock prices. Investors use this public financial information to assess the future prospects of each company.
 
METHODOLOGY
The research hypotheses were designed in line with the objectives of the research by examining the relationship between information risk (which includes arbitrage risk and stock volatility risk) and stock price bubbles measured by a new method. This method of measuring the price bubble takes into account the probability of the bubble occurring. The price bubble probability variable was calculated on the weekly stock data through SADF test, which is a set of right-sequence tests used to predict the periods of the price bubble occurrence. Then, through two regression models of panel data, the effect of information risk indicators along with the most important variables affecting the price bubble on the research dependent variable was investigated.
 
FINDINGS
The results of estimating the first model of the research indicate the existence of a positive and significant relationship between stock volatility risk and the possibility of price bubbles in the company's stocks. This suggests that increased volatility risk as an indicator of information risk can be an important factor in the formation of a price bubble in corporate stocks; therefore, the first hypothesis of the research is confirmed. Also, in confirming the estimation results of the previous model, arbitrage risk, like volatility risk, has a positive and significant relationship with the probability of price bubbles. This means that by increasing the arbitrage risk per share, one can expect more price bubbles to occur, indicating that the second hypothesis of the research is confirmed.
The results also showed that the share of institutional shareholders has a positive and significant effect on the probability of price bubble. These results indicate inactive institutional owners in companies. In fact, if institutional owners directly manage the company's stock in the market, they will not allow a price bubbleto be formed in the stock. In more floating stocks, the price bubble is less likely to occur. The value of book value to market value has a negative and significant relationship with the probability of price bubbles. That company is more registered, and this shows that the company is in a good financial position and growth.Also,the price of such companies shares will grow without occurring any bubble with the reason of intrinsic value. As the size of the company grows, so does the likelihood of a price bubble. It seems that in small companies, despite more asymmetric information, the potential for price manipulation can be good candidates to create a price bubble.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONCLUSION
considering that the results of experimental testing of research hypotheses in line with theoretical expectations showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between information risk and the possibility of price bubbles.Therefore, it is necessary for managers, observers and capital market policymakers to stabilize or Limit market fluctuations to reduce the information risk of companies' stocks.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • bubble price
  • Right-Tailed Augmented Dickey-Fuller
  • information risk
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